Zebrafish

Highlights • DMSO did not show acute toxicity on zebrafish embryos at the concentrations of 0.1%.

• Vanadium ions did not exhibit acute toxicity on zebrafish embryos at the concentration of 50 ppm.

• Synergistic acte toxicity was found in the simultaneous treatment of DMSO and vanadium.

• Developmental malformation in zebrafish embryos were observed with the synergistic effects.

Highlights • Pyraclostrobin (PY) exhibited strong acute toxicity to zebrafish embryos.

• PY generated pericardial and yolk sac edemas in zebrafish embryos.

• PY inhibited body growth in a transgenic zebrafish Tg(fli1a:EGFP).

• PY interfered heart formation in a transgenic zebrafish Tg(cmlc:EGFP).

• Heart malformation by PY is strongly related to up-regulation of nppa gene.

Highlights • Fluorene-1-carboxylic acid exhibited potent acute toxicities on zebrafish embryos, including high mortality rate.

• Fluorene-1-carboxylic acid induced abnormal developments such as yolk sac, spinal deformities, and pericardial edema.

• Fluorene-1-carboxylic acid down-regulated cyp7a1 gene expression involved in bile acid biosynthesis.

• Carboxylation on 1-carbon in fluorine ring core might mediate metabolic modifications when compared to fluorine.